Evidence is reviewed from a wide range of studies relevant to the evolution of vertebrate
photoreceptors and phototransduction, in order to permit the synthesis of a scenario for the …

Lens regeneration among vertebrates is basically restricted to some amphibians. The most
notable cases are the ones that occur in premetamorphic frogs and in adult newts. Frogs …

The results of several recent studies have demonstrated that cell commitment and
differentiation in the develo** vertebrate retina are influenced by cell-cell interactions …

The develo** eye is known to be rich in retinoic acid (RA), and perturbations in RA levels
during formation of the optic primordia, as well as RA receptor mutations, cause retinal …

Exogenous treatment of zebrafish embryos with retinoic acid induces a duplication of the
retinas during development. These effects occur only when retinoic acid is applied within a 2 …

The vertebrate lens is a classical system for examining mechanisms of tissue determination
and differentiation, yet little is known about the signaling molecules controlling its …

Interaction with the world around us requires extracting meaningful signals to guide
behavior. Each of the six mammalian senses (olfaction, vision, somatosensation, hearing …

All craniate chordates have inner ears with hair cells that receive input from the brain by
cholinergic centrifugal fibers, the so-called inner ear efferents (IEEs). Comparative data …

Cholinergic regulation of the activity of rabbit retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine
cells was investigated using optical recording of changes in intracellular free calcium …

Positional identity in the visual system affects the topographic projection of the retina onto its
central targets. In this review we discuss gradients and positional information in the retina …