Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an
essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) found in primary and metastatic tumours are highly
versatile, plastic and resilient cells that are actively involved in cancer progression through …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation. It can activate
janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling …

Current paradigms of cancer-centric therapeutics are usually not sufficient to eradicate the
malignancy, as the cancer stroma may prompt tumour relapse and therapeutic resistance …

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising target for diagnosis and therapy of
numerous malignant tumors. FAP-2286 is the conjugate of a FAP-binding peptide, which …

Cancers are not composed merely of cancer cells alone; instead, they are complex
'ecosystems' comprising many different cell types and noncellular factors. The tumour stroma …

Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They
survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell …

The concept that progression of cancer is regulated by interactions of cancer cells with their
microenvironment was postulated by Stephen Paget over a century ago. Contemporary …

Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) have a complex architectural structure,
dynamic cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions and bio-mimicking in vivo microenvironment. As a …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are
among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as …