Meaning Representation (AMR) is a representation model in which AMRs are rooted and
labeled graphs that capture semantics on the sentence level while abstracting away from …

Question answering systems (QAS) are designed to answer questions in natural language.
The objective of these types of systems is to reduce the user's effort to manually check the …

Recent developments in Question Answering (QA) have improved state-of-the-art results,
and various datasets have been released for this task. Since substantial English training …

One of the most used and well-known semantic representation models is Abstract Meaning
Representation (AMR). This representation has had numerous applications in natural …

Advanced metaheuristic methods are considered as an important alternative plan for
resolving complicated issues that cannot be addressed with deterministic techniques. In …

Nowadays, a large volume of daily produced texts is accessible to users. The amount of time
spent in reading has a huge impact on the cultural developments of each society, and one of …

An evolutionary methods for an induction-based decision trees made a wide step
development in machine learning field. In this context, the majority of researches recently …

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning
representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods …

The proficiency in Aeronautical phraseology and the ability to produce intelligible messages
in abnormal and emergency situations must reach an agreed minimum level, as …

One of the most important research areas in natural language processing is Question
Answering Systems (QASs). Existing search engines, with Google at the top, have many …