Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in
the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions …

Nitric oxide (NO), a colorless gaseous molecule, is a lipophilic free radical that easily
diffuses through the plasma membrane. These characteristics make NO an ideal autocrine …

In the face of escalating environmental challenges, plants encounter complex combinations
of abiotic stresses that pose severe threats to their growth and survival. Recent …

Plants being sessile in nature, are exposed to unwarranted threats as a result of constantly
changing environmental conditions. These adverse factors can have negative impacts on …

Seed germination (SG) is the first stage in a plant's life and has an immense importance in
sustaining crop production. Abiotic stresses reduce SG by increasing the deterioration of …

Abstract Heavy metal (loid)(HM) pollution of agricultural soils is a growing global
environmental concern that affects planetary health. Numerous studies have shown that soil …

Environmental variations caused by global climate change significantly affect plant yield and
productivity. Because water scarcity is one of the most significant risks to agriculture's future …

Abstract Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a biological indolamine. It is
biologically synthesized in plants and can be used to promote sustainable agriculture. This …

Global climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth, production, and
sustainability worldwide. Moreover, breeding efforts in the past years have focused on …

Melatonin plays key roles in improving fruit quality and yield by regulating various aspects of
plant growth. However, the effects of how melatonin regulates primary and secondary …