Wild animals and plants have developed a variety of adaptive traits driven by adaptive
evolution, an important strategy for species survival and persistence. Uncovering the …

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and integrative and conjugative
elements (ICEs), are main drivers for the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). Coevolution …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and gene duplication are often considered as separate
mechanisms driving the evolution of new functions. However, the mobile genetic elements …

Most microbes evolve faster than their hosts and should therefore drive evolution of host–
microbe interactions. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics that define …

Most animals and plants have associated microorganisms, collectively referred to as their
microbiomes, which can provide essential functions. Given their importance, host-associated …

Studies in diverse biological systems have indicated that host–parasite co-evolution is
responsible for the extraordinary genetic diversity seen in some genomic regions, such as …

The study of microbiomes by sequencing has revealed a plethora of correlations between
microbial community composition and various life-history characteristics of the …

INTRODUCTION In nature, bacteria contend with abundant and diverse viruses (phages),
necessitating an extensive repertoire of defense systems. Antiphage systems cluster …

The origins and evolution of virulence in amphibian-infecting chytrids Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) are largely unknown …

Microorganismal diversity can be explained in large part by selection imposed from both the
abiotic and biotic environments, including—in the case of host-associated microbiomes …