A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: what have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils?

TL Kivell - Journal of Anatomy, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Many of the unresolved debates in palaeoanthropology regarding evolution of particular
locomotor or manipulative behaviours are founded in differing opinions about the functional …

Form, function, and geometric morphometrics

SB Cooke, CE Terhune - The Anatomical Record, 2015 - Wiley Online Library
Geometric morphometrics (GM) has increasingly become an important tool in assessing and
studying shape variation in a wide variety of taxa. While the GM toolkit has unparalleled …

Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes. I: locomotor effects

CB Ruff - American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The …, 2002 - Wiley Online Library
The relationship between locomotor behavior and long bone structural proportions is
examined in 179 individuals and 13 species of hominoids and cercopithecoids. Articular …

Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from experimental studies of humans and other primates

D Schmitt - Journal of Experimental Biology, 2003 - journals.biologists.com
An understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism can provide valuable insights into
the biomechanical and physiological characteristics of locomotion in modern humans. The …

Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in mammals

M Cartmill, P Lemelin, D Schmitt - Zoological Journal of the …, 2002 - academic.oup.com
The symmetrical gaits of quadrupedal mammals are often described in terms of two
variables: duty factor (S= the stanceperiod of one foot, as a percentage of the gait cycle) and …

Origins of primate locomotion: gait mechanics of the woolly opossum

D Schmitt, P Lemelin - … : The Official Publication of the American …, 2002 - Wiley Online Library
The locomotion of primates differs from that of other mammals in three fundamental ways.
During quadrupedal walking, primates use diagonal sequence gaits, protract their arms …

Compliant walking in primates

D Schmitt - Journal of Zoology, 1999 - cambridge.org
It is now well recognized that terrestrial mammals can maintain equivalent bone stresses
despite dramatic differences in body size through the adoption of extended limb positions …

The evolution of the upright posture and gait—a review and a new synthesis

C Niemitz - Naturwissenschaften, 2010 - Springer
During the last century, approximately 30 hypotheses have been constructed to explain the
evolution of the human upright posture and locomotion. The most important and recent ones …

Biomechanics of quadrupedal walking: how do four-legged animals achieve inverted pendulum-like movements?

TM Griffin, RP Main, CT Farley - Journal of Experimental …, 2004 - journals.biologists.com
Walking involves a cyclic exchange of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of
the center of mass. Our goal was to understand how the limbs of walking quadrupeds …

Bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion in chimpanzees

H Pontzer, DA Raichlen, PS Rodman - Journal of human evolution, 2014 - Elsevier
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) habitually walk both bipedally and quadrupedally, and have
been a common point of reference for understanding the evolution of bipedal locomotion in …