Understanding the physical mechanisms that control galaxy formation is a fundamental
challenge in contemporary astrophysics. Recent advances in the field of astrophysical …

We review numerical methods for simulations of cosmic ray (CR) propagation on galactic
and larger scales. We present the development of algorithms designed for …

Abstract The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has revealed a diffuse γ-ray background
at energies from 0.1 gigaelectronvolt to 1 teraelectronvolt, which can be separated into …

Gas-rich dwarf galaxies located outside the virial radius of their host are relatively pristine
systems and have ultralow gas cooling rates. This makes them very sensitive to heat …

As the fundamental physical process with many astrophysical implications, the diffusion of
cosmic rays (CRs) is determined by their interaction with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) …

Starburst galaxies, which are known as 'reservoirs' of high-energy cosmic-rays, can
represent an important high-energy neutrino 'factory'contributing to the diffuse neutrino flux …

The bulk propagation speed of GeV-energy cosmic rays is limited by frequent scattering off
hydromagnetic waves. Most galaxy evolution simulations that account for this confinement …

Owing to the complexity of turbulent magnetic fields, modelling the diffusion of cosmic rays is
challenging. Based on the current understanding of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic …

Continuum gamma-ray emission produced by interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar
matter and radiation fields is a probe of non-thermal particle populations in galaxies. After …

The enhanced star-forming activity, typical of starburst galaxies, powers strong galactic
winds expanding on kiloparsec (kpc) scales and characterized by bubble structures. Here …