Accurate condition monitoring has been a major challenge among railroad management
authorities as they work to minimize collisions that lead to fatalities or damage to railroads …

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) leverages quantum states to transmit
information securely and reliably over a noisy, lossy, and wiretapped quantum channel. It …

Soil nailing has become a common method for improving slope stability due to its cost-
effectiveness and easy installation. However, concerns have been arisen regarding the …

To achieve data-driven intelligence in engineering applications, the key requirements for
distributed optical fiber sensor networks are large capacity, long distance, dense distribution …

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the automation of the condition assessment process of
an engineered system. When applied to geometrically large components or structures, such …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a pivotal role in promoting transportation electrification and
clean energy storage. The safe and efficient operation is the biggest challenge for LIBs …

Wastewater discharge from outfall pipes can significantly impact river water quality and
aquatic ecosystems. Effective outfall monitoring is critical for controlling pollution and …

This paper is a review on distributed optic fiber sensing for structural health monitoring
applications, with a deeper focus on technologies relying on the Rayleigh backscattering …

Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) based on Rayleigh scattering has been
widely used for distributed sensing applications for either static or dynamic parameter …

Ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is an advanced composite
known for its exceptional mechanical properties and durability, playing a vital role in modern …