Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological
systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of …

Abstract The von Hippel–Lindau disease is caused by inactivating germline mutations of the
VHL tumour suppressor gene and is associated with an increased risk of a variety of …

The SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD genes encode the four subunits of succinate
dehydrogenase (SDH; mitochondrial complex II), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in two …

Intestinal epithelial cells that line the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract are
positioned between an anaerobic lumen and a highly metabolic lamina propria. As a result …

Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) plays an important role in renal tumourigenesis. In the
majority of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the most frequent and highly vascularized RCC subtype …

Oxygen homeostasis reflects the constant body requirement to generate energy. Hypoxia
(0.1–1% O2), physioxia or physoxia (∼ 1–13%), and normoxia (∼ 20%) are terms used to …

Oxygen (O2) is a prerequisite for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms but also elicits
toxicity. To understand how animals cope with the ambivalent physiological nature of O2, it …

Cells in the human body need oxygen to function and survive, and severe deprivation of
oxygen, as occurs in ischaemic heart disease and stroke, is a major cause of mortality …

Hypoxia acts as an important regulator of physiological and pathological processes.
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the central players involved in the cellular adaptation to …

The first half of the 20th century produced substantial breakthroughs in bioenergetics and
mitochondria research. During that time, Otto Warburg observed abnormally high glycolysis …