Living organisms composed of composite materials with complex structures support
autonomous and intelligent behaviors, such as motility, perception and response to changes …

As mechanical devices for moving or controlling mechanisms or systems, actuators have
attracted increasing attention in various fields. Compared to traditional actuators with rigid …

Autonomous maze navigation is appealing yet challenging in soft robotics for exploring
priori unknown unstructured environments, as it often requires human-like brain that …

Driving synthetic materials out of equilibrium via dissipative mechanisms paves the way
towards autonomous, self-sustained robotic motions. However, obtaining agile movement in …

Recent experiments have revealed a new end-to-end ribbon spiral structure capable of
demonstrating two interconnected periodic zero-energy-mode self-rotation-eversion in …

Self-sustaining systems can generate and maintain periodic or chaotic motion under
constant external stimulation, and has potential applications in fields such as soft robotics …

The development of stimuli‐responsive soft actuators, a task largely undertaken by material
scientists, has become a major driving force in pushing the frontiers of microrobotics …

Self-oscillation can harvest energy directly from the environment to maintain its motion and
is characterized by its autonomy, with various promising applications in the fields of …

Steering soft robots in a self-regulated manner remains a grand challenge, which often
requires continuous symmetry breaking and recovery steps for persistent motion. Although …

Active materials hold substantial potential for self-sustaining motion, however, the
dependency on movable light or extensive area illumination in current structures often …