Sex differences in immunity are well described in the literature and thought to be mainly
driven by sex hormones and sex-linked immune response genes. The gastrointestinal tract …

The VacA toxin secreted by Helicobacter pylori enhances the ability of the bacteria to
colonize the stomach and contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma and …

Gastric cancer is a challenging public health concern worldwide and remains a leading
cause of cancer-related mortality. The primary risk factor implicated in gastric cancer …

The intracellular innate immune receptor NOD1 detects Gram-negative bacterial
peptidoglycan (PG) to induce autophagy and inflammatory responses in host cells. To date …

Whereas type I interferons (IFNs) have critical roles in protection from pathogens, excessive
IFN responses contribute to pathology in both acute and chronic settings, pointing to the …

Background Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer‐causing bacteria, survive in their gastric
environment of more than 50% of the world population. The presence of H. pylori in the …

Background The impact of probiotics on non‐Helicobacter pylori gastric microbiota and its
role in microbial restoration after eradication were relatively unknown. We aimed to explore …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are produced by all bacteria and facilitate a range of
functions in host-microbe interactions and pathogenesis. Quantification of BMVs is a critical …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is perhaps the most ubiquitous and successful human
pathogen, since it colonizes the stomach of more than half of humankind. Infection with this …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide.
Persistent infection of the gastric mucosa leads to inflammatory processes and may remain …