Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide
nutrients, recycle neurotransmitters, as well as fulfill a wide range of other homeostasis …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of the blood
flow to the particular organ. IRI usually is associated with a robust inflammatory and …

Astrocytes maintain the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by eg recycling of
neurotransmitters and providing nutrients to neurons. Astrocytes function also as key …

Synaptic plasticity is a key component of the learning machinery in the brain. It is vital that
such plasticity be tightly regulated so that it occurs to the proper extent at the proper time …

Ischemic stroke remains a vexing public health problem. Although progress has been made
in prevention and supportive care, efforts to protect the brain from ischemic cell death have …

Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke refers to strategies, applied singly or in combination, that
antagonize the injurious biochemical and molecular events that eventuate in irreversible …

Sublethal hypoxic or ischemic events can improve the tolerance of tissues, organs, and even
organisms from subsequent lethal injury caused by hypoxia or ischemia. This phenomenon …

Cerebral postischemic reperfusion injury is defined as deterioration of ischemic brain tissue
that parallels and antagonizes the benefits of restoring cerebral circulation after therapeutic …

Intrapartum-related events are the third leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide and
result in one million neurodisabled survivors each year. Infants exposed to a perinatal insult …