This review reports in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate the bone
remodeling process in relation to oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory factors, and estrogen …

Peptide therapeutics have played a notable role in medical practice since the advent of
insulin therapy in the 1920s. Over 60 peptide drugs are approved in the United States and …

Sulfoximines have been largely disregarded in medicinal chemistry for a long time.
However, recently, they have risen to the apparent level of stardom on the drug discovery …

The adult bone is continuously being remodelled to repair microdamage, preserve bone
strength and mechanical competence as well as maintain calcium homeostasis. Bone …

Importance By 2020, approximately 12.3 million individuals in the United States older than
50 years are expected to have osteoporosis. Osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip …

Objective The development of these guidelines is sponsored by the American Association of
Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors and American College of Endocrinology …

Among 377,561 female Medicare beneficiaries who sustained a fracture, 10% had another
fracture within 1 year, 18% within 2 years, and 31% within 5 years. Timely management to …

Background Women experience drastic hormonal changes during midlife due to the
menopausal transition. Menopausal hormonal changes are known to lead to bone loss and …

Importance Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that performs an important role in calcium
homeostasis and bone metabolism and also affects many other cellular regulatory functions …

Importance Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition, and average life
expectancy has increased substantially, from 25 years in 1983 to 60 years in 2020. Despite …