Abstract Lithium–air (Li–air) batteries stand out among the post‐Li‐ion batteries due to their
high energy density, which has rapidly progressed in the past years. Regarding the …

The aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery has excited huge interest due to it having the
highest theoretical energy density among the different types of rechargeable battery. The …

Lithium–air batteries are promising devices for electrochemical energy storage because of
their ultrahigh energy density. However, it is still challenging to achieve practical Li–air …

The seemingly simple reaction of Li–O2 batteries involving lithium and oxygen makes this
chemistry attractive for high-energy-density storage systems; however, achieving this …

Electrical energy storage technologies have become a critical aspect of the whole clean
energy system, which is fundamentally based on batteries. In the past decades, innovations …

Alkali metal–O2 batteries, by coupling high‐capacity alkali metal anodes with gaseous
oxygen, possess extremely high gravimetric energy density that is comparable to gasoline …

With the demand for high-energy-storage devices, the rechargeable metal–oxygen battery
has attracted attention recently. Sodium–oxygen batteries have been regarded as the most …

Na-O 2 batteries are considered a promising energy storage device for powering next-
generation electric vehicles, due to their high theoretical energy density, high energy …

Inferior charge transport in insulating and bulk discharge products is one of the main factors
resulting in poor cycling stability of lithium–oxygen batteries with high overpotential and …

The Na–O2 battery offers an interesting alternative to the Li–O2 battery, which is still the
source of a number of unsolved scientific questions. In spite of both being alkali metal–O2 …