Regolith penetration for placing instruments into ground and regolith-sampling for re-entry or
in-situ analysis play an extremely critical role in searching for alien life and revealing the …

Penetrating planetary regolith is extremely important to explore the secrets inside
extraterrestrial celestial bodies. Applying the concept and method of bionics to endow …

On November 5–8, 2019, the “Mars Extant Life: What's Next?” conference was convened in
Carlsbad, New Mexico. The conference gathered a community of actively publishing experts …

Here we review published studies on the abundance and diversity of terrestrial rock-hosted
life, the environments it inhabits, the evolution of its metabolisms, and its fossil biomarkers to …

Abstract Space exploration has significantly enriched humanity's understanding of the space
environment in which our Earth resides and the evolution of the Solar System. What we …

In Earth's deep continental subsurface, where groundwaters are often isolated for> 106 to
109 years, energy released by radionuclides within rock produces oxidants and reductants …

Nearly half a century ago, two papers postulated the likelihood of lunar lava tube caves
using mathematical models. Today, armed with an array of orbiting and fly‐by satellites and …

Hydrogen from serpentinization is a source of chemical energy for some life forms on Earth.
It is a potential fuel for life in the subsurface of Mars and in the icy ocean worlds in the outer …

Water is critical in the future of space exploration and development of planetary bodies.
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a geophysical measurement technique with …

On December 2, 2020, a 2-m class robotic drill onboard the Chinese Chang'E 5 lunar lander
successfully penetrated 1 m into the lunar regolith and collected 259.72 g of samples. This …