Immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding
processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. Increased …

Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight,
starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body …

Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are important
regulators of metabolism, growth, reproduction and lifespan, and mechanisms of insulin/IGF …

The control of body and organ growth is essential for the development of adults with proper
size and proportions, which is important for survival and reproduction. In animals, adult body …

Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism,
and behavior to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. To achieve such …

Highlights•bHLH-PAS proteins Met and Tai form a JH receptor that mediates JH function in
vivo.•The Met–Tai receptor complex is a JH-activated transcription factor.•JH activates Met …

Developmental plasticity refers to the property by which the same genotype produces
distinct phenotypes depending on the environmental conditions under which development …

In both vertebrates and insects, developmental transition from the juvenile stage to
adulthood is regulated by steroid hormones. In insects, the steroid hormone, 20 …

Studies in mammals and Drosophila have demonstrated the existence and significance of
secreted factors involved in communication between distal organs. In this review, primarily …

The production of offspring is energetically costly and relies on incompletely understood
mechanisms that generate a positive energy balance. In mothers of many species, changes …