The notion that men are more variable than women has become embedded into scientific
thinking. For mental traits like personality, greater male variability has been partly attributed …

Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal
personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to …

This introduction to the topical collection on Pace-of-life syndromes: a framework for the
adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology, and life history provides an overview of …

The pace-of-life syndrome (ie, POLS) hypothesis posits that behavioral and physiological
traits mediate the trade-off between current and future reproduction. This hypothesis predicts …

Seed dispersal by animals is a complex phenomenon, characterized by multiple
mechanisms and variable outcomes. Most researchers approach this complexity by …

Behaviour is the interface between an organism and its environment, and behavioural
plasticity is important for organisms to cope with environmental change. Social behaviour is …

Consistent individual tendencies in behaviour, or behavioural types, are likely to impact the
dynamics and outcomes of animal‐mediated seed dispersal. We review the extant literature …

Males and females commonly differ in their life history optima and, consequently, in the
optimal expression of life history, behavioral and physiological traits involved in pace-of-life …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis for animal personality proposes that variation
among individuals in life-history strategies is associated with consistent differences in …

Environmental heterogeneity can result in spatial variation in selection pressures that can
produce local adaptations. The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts that habitat …