Objective Race‐based bias in health care occurs at organizational, structural, and clinical
levels and impacts emergency medical care. Limited literature exists on the role of race on …

Importance Individuals with behavioral disorders are increasingly presenting to the
emergency department (ED), and associated episodes of agitation can cause significant …

Patient encounters in the emergency department (ED) commonly include symptoms of
agitation, defined as excessive psychomotor activity leading to aggressive and violent …

Background Severely agitated patients in the emergency department (ED) are often sedated
with intramuscularly-administered medications. The evidence base underlying particular …

Background Research regarding disparities in physical restraint use in the emergency
department (ED) is limited. We evaluated the role of race, ethnicity, and preferred language …

Importance Recent studies have demonstrated that people of color are more likely to be
restrained in emergency department (ED) settings compared with other patients, but many of …

Objective: Few studies have examined the disproportionate use of restraints for Black adults
receiving emergency psychiatric care. This study sought to determine whether the odds of …

Emergency department (ED) staff have the challenge of triaging, evaluating, diagnosing,
treating and providing safe, ethical, and competent care to all who present to the …

Background The optimal agent to treat acute agitation in the emergency department (ED)
has not been determined. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and …

Hospitals, with many features that can evoke severe behavior in patients with autism
spectrum disorder (ASD), often use restraint as a behavior management strategy. Prior …