Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) greatly expand the use of technology. There is a need
to accurately diagnose discomfort, pain, and complications, such as sepsis, mainly before …

Non-Invasive foetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG) represents an alternative foetal
monitoring technique to traditional Doppler ultrasound approaches, that is non-invasive and …

There is currently no standard national approach to the management of category II fetal
heart rate (FHR) patterns, yet such patterns occur in the majority of fetuses in labor. Under …

Fetal well-being is commonly assessed by monitoring the fetal heart rate (fHR). In clinical
practice, the de facto standard technology for fHR monitoring is based on the Doppler …

Aim. There is no consensus about the normal fetal heart rate. Current international
guidelines recommend for the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline different ranges of 110 …

Introduction One of the limitations reported with cardiotocography is the modest
interobserver agreement observed in tracing interpretation. This study compared agreement …

Monitoring the well-being of a fetus through Fetal Phonocardiography (FPCG) has been
occurring for more than a century. Throughout history, there have been continuous …

Cardiotocography is defined as the recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions and
is widely used during labor as a screening tool to determine fetal wellbeing. The visual …

Rationale, aims and objectives To evaluate obstetricians' inter‐and intra‐observer
agreement on intrapartum cardiotocogram (CTG) recordings and to examine obstetricians' …

Objective To quantify inter‐and intra‐observer agreement of non‐reassuring intrapartum
cardiotocography (CTG) patterns and subsequent clinical management. Design …