The field of autoimmune neurology is rapidly evolving, and recent discoveries have
advanced our understanding of disease aetiologies. In this article, we review the key …

Abstract Although antibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) were originally
associated with Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS), they now denote the “GAD antibody-spectrum …

Importance Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis can lead to harm. Objective To
determine the diseases misdiagnosed as autoimmune encephalitis and potential reasons …

Stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders (SPSD) are a group of rare neuroimmunological
disorders that often include painful spasms and rigidity. However, patients have highly …

Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), originally linked to stiff person
syndrome (SPS), now denote the “GAD antibody-spectrum disorders”(GAD-SD) that also …

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the syndromes linked to antibodies against glutamic
acid decarboxylase (GAD). It has been questioned whether 'limbic encephalitis with GAD …

Antibody-mediated disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are increasingly
recognized as neurologic disorders that can be severe and even life-threatening but with the …

Background Stiff person spectrum disorder (SPSD) is heterogeneous, and accurate
diagnosis can be challenging. Methods Patients referred for diagnosis/suspicion of SPSD at …

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) include any symptomatic and non-metastatic
neurological manifestations associated with a neoplasm. PNS associated with antibodies …

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder in modern society. One of the major
unmet challenges is that current antiseizure medications are basically not disease …