GABAA receptors have an age-adapted function in the brain. During early development,
they mediate depolarizing effects, which result in activation of calcium-sensitive signaling …

Epilepsy affects people of all ages and both genders. Sex differences are well known in
epilepsy. Seizure susceptibility and the incidence of epilepsy are generally higher in men …

Women are twice as likely to suffer from mood disorders than men. Moreover, a growing
body of evidence suggests a reciprocal modulation between sex steroids and the serotonin …

In vivo fluctuations in gonadal hormones alter hippocampal excitability and modulate both
physiological and pathological hippocampal processes. To assess hormonal effects on …

Gender differences in outcomes from major trauma have been described previously, and
exogenous female hormone administration appears to be neuroprotective following …

Kainic acid and pilocarpine were used to assess sex differences in temporal lobe seizures.
Adult Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with kainic acid (10–12 mg/kg) or with pilocarpine …

Despite numerous neuroendocrinological studies of seizures, the influence of estrogen and
progesterone on seizures and epilepsy remains unclear. This may be due to the fact that …

Objective Chronic seizures in women can have adverse effects on reproductive function,
such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, but it has been difficult to dissociate the effects of …

Background: Sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ethanol dramatically increases with age
(Silveri and Spears, 1998). Little is known regarding the neural mechanisms that might …

Caffeine is widely consumed in beverages and food, and its consumption in high doses is
associated with anxiety increase. Stress situations are often associated to coffee …