Cilia are microscopic hair-like external cell organelles that are ubiquitously present in
nature, also within the human body. They fulfill crucial biological functions: motile cilia …

A recent development, inspired by nature, is the use of 'artificial cilia'to create pum**
and/or mixing in microfluidic devices. Cilia are small hairs that can be found in biology and …

One of the vital functions of naturally occurring cilia is fluid transport. Biological cilia use
spatially asymmetric strokes to generate a net fluid flow that can be utilized for feeding …

Human ingenuity has found a multitude of ways to manipulate fluids across different
applications. However, the fundamentals of fluid propulsion change when moving from the …

Organisms use hair-like cilia that beat in a metachronal fashion to actively transport fluid and
suspended particles. Metachronal motion emerges due to a phase difference between …

Most microorganisms use hair-like cilia with asymmetric beating to perform vital bio-physical
processes. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel fabrication method for creating magnetic …

Arrays of beating cilia emerged in nature as one of the most efficient propulsion mechanisms
at a small scale, and are omnipresent in microorganisms. Previous attempts at mimicking …

Despite recent advances in artificial cilia technologies, the application of metachrony, which
is the collective wavelike motion by cilia moving out-of-phase, has been severely hampered …

The multifaceted appearance of soft robots in the form of swimmers, catheters, surgical
devices, and drug-carrier vehicles in biomedical and microfluidic applications is ubiquitous …

The omnipresence of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) in biological systems is indisputable—
from the vibration of leaves to the locomotion of fish, to the flying of birds, and to the …