Abstract Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) represent a novel concept towards flexible integration
of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the smart grid. VPPs will eventually help to …

Distributed energy resources have been increasingly integrated into electrical grids.
Consequently, electricity markets are expected to undergo changes and become more …

The use of distributed generation and demand-response (DR) programs is needed for
improving business models, namely concerning the remuneration of these resources in the …

Future distribution systems will accommodate an increasing share of distributed energy
resources (DERs). Facing with this new reality, virtual power plants (VPPs) play a key role to …

The electricity market sector has suffered massive changes in the last few decades. The
worldwide electricity market restructuring has been conducted to potentiate the increase in …

In recent years, because of the shortage of fossil fuels and their consequent price increase,
along with the environmental pollution associated with these types of fuel, the use of …

The increase of distributed energy resources, mainly based on renewable sources, requires
new solutions that are able to deal with this type of resources' particular characteristics …

Distribution systems of the future will definitely encompass numerous distributed energy
resources, and thereby, the physical connection and commercial contribution among virtual …

Recent changes in the operation and planning of power systems have been motivated by
the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) and Demand Response (DR) in the …

In the traditional paradigm, the large power plants supply the reactive power required at a
transmission level and the capacitors and transformer tap changer were also used at a …