This article reviews recent progress leading to the generation of optical vortex beams. After
introducing the basics of optical vortex beams and their promising applications, we …

The diffraction limit is a fundamental barrier in optical science and engineering. It limits the
minimum feature size in surface patterning technologies, such as lithography and laser …

Multiplexing multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels enables high-capacity
optical communication. However, optical scattering from ambient microparticles in the …

Multispectral and polarized focusing and imaging are key functions that are vitally important
for a broad range of optical applications. Conventional techniques generally require multiple …

Controlling spin-to-orbital angular momentum (OAM) conversion plays an important role in
many optical and wireless communication applications. While independent control of …

The hologram is an ideal method for displaying three-dimensional images visible to the
naked eye. Metasurfaces consisting of subwavelength structures show great potential in …

A perfect vortex beam has been attracting tremendous attention due to the fact that its ring
radius is independent of the topological charge. Taking advantage of the superposition …

Benefiting from the excellent properties of manipulating electromagnetic waves at
subwavelength scale, metasurfaces are widely used to realize metaholograms with a large …

Holography, with the capability of recording and reconstructing wavefronts of light, has
emerged as an ideal approach for future deep-immersive naked-eye display. However, the …

Metasurfaces are ultrathin artificially engineered structures exquisitely designed to tailor the
wavefront, polarization, and amplitude of incident light, offering a versatile platform for …