Abiotic stress is the adverse effect of any abiotic factor on a plant in a given environment,
impacting plants' growth and development. These stress factors, such as drought, salinity …

Excess soil salinity affects large regions of land and is a major hindrance to crop production
worldwide. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance has …

Plant mineral nutrition is essential for crop yields and human health. However, the uneven
distribution of mineral elements over time and space leads to a lack or excess of available …

Exposure to cold triggers a spike in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) that often leads to
transcriptional reprogramming in plants. However, how this Ca2+ signal is perceived and …

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs) are key regulators of plant stress
signaling that translate calcium signals into cellular responses by phosphorylating diverse …

One of the most important phytohormones is salicylic acid (SA), which is essential for the
regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of SA in …

The stress hormone, Abscisic acid (ABA), is crucial for plants to respond to changes in their
environment. It triggers changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, which activate plant responses …

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is considered to be the most important forage crop on a global
scale. Nevertheless, soil salinity significantly decreases productivity, seriously threatening …

The chilling stress induced by the global climate change harms rice production, especially at
seedling and booting stage, which feed half the population of the world. Although there are …

Plants perceive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by mechanically-or herbivore-
damaged neighboring plants and induce various defense responses. Such interplant …