Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, the knowledge of which is crucial for
understanding the origins of biodiversity. Genomic approaches are an increasingly …

Morphological allometry refers to patterns of covariance between body parts resulting from
variation in body size. Whether measured during growth (ontogenetic allometry), among …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Modularity has emerged as a central concept for evolutionary biology, thereby providing the
field with a theory of organismal structure and variation. This theory has reframed long …

Although the field of quantitative genetics-the study of the genetic basis of variation in
quantitative characteristics such as body size, or reproductive success-is almost 100 years …

Genetic correlations between traits determine the multivariate response to selection in the
short term, and thereby play a causal role in evolutionary change. Although individual …

On microevolutionary timescales, adaptive evolution depends upon both natural selection
and the underlying genetic architecture of traits under selection, which may constrain …

The relative importance of nature (often interpreted as genes) and nurture (the environment),
ie a trait's heritability (Boxes 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3; Falconer & Mackay 1996; Lynch & Walsh 1998; …

There is large interspecific variation in the magnitude of population fluctuations, even among
closely related species. The factors generating this variation are not well understood …

Sex differences in life history, physiology, and behavior are nearly ubiquitous across taxa,
owing to sex-specific selection that arises from different reproductive strategies of the sexes …