The seminal work by Sadi Carnot in the early nineteenth century provided the blueprint of a
reversible heat engine and the celebrated second law of thermodynamics eventually …

Engines are systems and devices that convert one form of energy into another, typically into
a more useful form that can perform work. In the classical setup, physical, chemical, and …

Thermodynamics originated in the need to understand novel technologies developed by the
Industrial Revolution. However, over the centuries, the description of engines, refrigerators …