Extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are the final components of the
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascade, an integral module in a …

Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet
medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate …

The binding of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to cell surface receptors engages multiple
signal transduction pathways, including three groups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) was cloned over 2 decades ago and its identification in part
led to the discovery of a super family of tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) and their receptors …

Over the past 15 years protein kinases have become the pharmaceutical industry's most
important class of drug target in the field of cancer. Some 20 drugs that target kinases have …

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the primary trigger of inflammation. Like many
extracellular signaling proteins, TNF is synthesized as a transmembrane protein; the active …

Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is an integral membrane protein that is preferentially expressed
by phagocytic cells, where it promotes efferocytosis and inhibits inflammatory signaling …

Inflammation is an evolutionarily conserved host reaction that is initiated in response to
trauma, tissue damage and infection. It leads to changes in tissue homeostasis and blood …

In recent years, protein kinases have become the pharmaceutical industry's most studied
class of drug target, and some 10 protein kinase inhibitors have so far been approved for the …

Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation play
central roles in the induction of gene expression in innate immune cells following pathogen …