In the current scenario of global warming and climate change, plants face many biotic
stresses, which restrain growth, development and productivity. Nanotechnology is gaining …

Plant immune response is fascinating due to the complete absence of a humoral system.
The adaptive immune response in plants relies on the intracellular orchestration of …

Plants being sessile organisms and lacking both circulating phagocytic cells and somatic
adaptive immune response, have thrived on various defense mechanisms to fend off insect …

The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules.
Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that acts as a
defense substance and a signaling molecule in various physiological processes, and which …

Biotic stress tolerance in plants is complex as it relies solely on specific innate immune
responses from different plant species combating diverse pathogens. Each component of …

Introduction Heat stress poses a severe threat to the growth and production of soybean
(Glycine max). Brassinosteroids (BRs) actively participate in plant responses to abiotic …

In plant–insect interactions, calcium (Ca2+) variations are among the earliest events
associated with the plant perception of biotic stress. Upon herbivory, Ca2+ waves travel long …

The advancement of metabolomics has assisted in the identification of various bewildering
characteristics of the biological system. Metabolomics is a standard approach, facilitating …

The continuous use of herbicides for controlling weeds has led to the evolution of resistance
to all major herbicidal modes of action globally. Every year, new cases of herbicide …