Amber is fossilized resin that preserves biological remains in exceptional detail, study of
which has revolutionized understanding of past terrestrial organisms and habitats from the …

Pine resin is a non-wood forest product that has been used for multiple purposes since
ancient times throughout the world. In recent years, resin tap** activity has increased in …

Abstract Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is native to the western Mediterranean basin and
has an economic importance in southwestern Europe. This importance is based on the use …

Conifers have evolved different chemical and anatomical defences against a wide range of
antagonists. Resin ducts produce, store and translocate oleoresin, a complex terpenoid …

Pines constitute a major tree crop, providing an array of products to several industrial
sectors, but still holding significant new and unrealized potential worldwide. Among non …

Under natural conditions, the plants are, usually, surrounded by a series of potential
enemies. They had created strategies of defense against pathogens and herbivores' attacks …

Tree death is not always preceded by a visible decline in vigor (canopy dieback) or a
progressive loss in crown volume. Identifying early-warning signals of incipient decline can …

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was plasticized with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) an further added
with triethylene glycol ester of gum rosin (TEGR) as natural viscosity increasing agent …

Pine resin is a highly valuable and sought-after non-timber forest product with multiple uses
in many industrial sectors. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is the main tapped species in …

In pine species, resin ducts are the specialized secretory structures to synthesize and store
resin. Resin terpenes finds broad applications in pharmaceutical, chemical, biofuel, and …