What are the principles underlying effective neurorehabilitation? The aim of
neurorehabilitation is to exploit interventions based on human and animal studies about …

Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

The brain processes information through multiple layers of neurons. This deep architecture
is representationally powerful, but complicates learning because it is difficult to identify the …

While classical views of cerebellar learning have suggested that this structure predominantly
operates according to an error-based supervised learning rule to refine movements …

This review will focus on the possibility that the cerebellum contains an internal model or
models of the motor apparatus. Inverse internal models can provide the neural command …

A number of internal model concepts are now widespread in neuroscience and cognitive
science. These concepts are supported by behavioral, neurophysiological, and imaging …

Unifying principles of movement have emerged from the computational study of motor
control. We review several of these principles and show how they apply to processes such …

Recent neurophysiological studies reveal that neurons in certain brain structures carry
specific signals about past and future rewards. Dopamine neurons display a short-latency …

For more than two decades, there has been converging evidence for an essential role of the
cerebellum in non-motor functions. The cerebellum is not only important in learning and …

Associative learning enables animals to anticipate the occurrence of important outcomes.
Learning occurs when the actual outcome differs from the predicted outcome, resulting in a …