The discrete element method (DEM) is used to model granular materials and analyse a wide
range of related applications. However, accurate predictions can only be made if the input …

The discrete element method (DEM) has been confirmed as an effective numerical method
for modelling railway ballast, and successfully used to analyse a wide range of ballast …

This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies of geocell-reinforced subballast
subjected to cyclic loading. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted using a large …

Railway ballast performance is dictated by a complex mix of mechanical properties. These
effect its performance at the particle level for example in terms of particle degradation, but …

In the past 20 years, many studies have been performed on ballast layer inspection and
condition evaluation with ground penetrating radar (GPR). GPR is a non-destructive means …

Previous studies show that extensive particle breakage occurs at the soil-structure interface,
which may influence the shear strength, but a corresponding comprehensive micro …

Geogrid–soil interaction is a key issue to describe geogrid reinforcement mechanisms. In
order to investigate the geogrid–soil interface behaviour, both experimental and numerical …

This paper presents the results of laboratory investigations into the deformation of coal
fouled ballast stabilized with geogrid at various degrees of fouling. A novel track process …

A series of numerically triaxial shear tests on crushable and uncrushable granular soils
reinforced by geogrid were conducted using 3-Dimension Particle Flow Code. The …

The violent vibration and excessive settlement of trackbeds under high-speed train moving
loads are the main problems of ballasted tracks encountered in practice, which limits the rise …