Background As important components in saline agriculture, halophytes can help to provide
food for a growing world population. In addition to being potential crops in their own right …

Various compatible solutes enable plants to tolerate abiotic stress, and glycinebetaine (GB)
is one of the most‐studied among such solutes. Early research on GB focused on the …

Conclusion Mangrove forests are of major ecological and commercial importance, yet the
future of these resources is threatened by pollution, development and over-exploitation …

By far the most important factors limiting crop productivity are environmental stresses, of
which lack of water (drought) is the most serious 1. Salinity is also a major constraint; this is …

Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is regarded as a basic
strategy for the protection and survival of plants in extreme environments. Certain plants …

Natural osmoregulatory substances (osmolytes) allow a wide variety of organisms to adjust
to environments with high salt and/or low water content. In addition to their role in …

Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant found in many organisms, including bacteria and
higher plants. The bacterium Escherichia coli produces glycine betaine by a two‐step …

Glycinebetaine is one of the compatible solutes that accumulate in the chloroplasts of certain
halotolerant plants when these plants are exposed to salt or cold stress. The codA gene for …

Genetically engineered rice (Oryza sativa L.) with the ability to synthesize glycinebetaine
was established by introducing the codA gene for choline oxidase from the soil bacterium …

Osmoregulation in higher plants is defined by Blum1 as follows: As water is being removed
from the cell, osmotic potential is reduced due to the simple effect of solute concentration. In …