RNA polymerases (RNAPs) carry out transcription in all living organisms. All multisubunit
RNAPs are derived from a common ancestor, a fact that becomes apparent from their amino …

Transcription is the first and most heavily regulated step in gene expression. Sigma (σ)
factors are general transcription factors that reversibly bind RNA polymerase (RNAP) and …

Bacillus subtilis as an important host has been widely used in synthetic biology, metabolic
engineering, and production of industrial enzymes. To fully take advantage of this organism …

Daptomycin is the first of a new class of cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics used against multidrug-
resistant, gram-positive pathogens. The proposed mechanism of action involves disruption …

Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic lipopeptide that disrupts the functional integrity of the cell
membranes of Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Here we present …

Acid and base environmental stress responses were investigated in Bacillus subtilis. B.
subtilis AG174 cultures in buffered potassium-modified Luria broth were switched from pH …

Summary The Bacillus subtilis MntR metalloregulatory protein senses manganese, an
essential element required for central metabolism, oxidative stress resistance and …

A highly active secretory expression system in Bacillus subtilis was constructed for
enhancing the heterogeneous secretory expression efficiency of a recombinant amidase …

In order to adjust to changing environmental conditions, bacteria use nucleotide second
messengers to transduce external signals and translate them into a specific cellular …

Oxalate decarboxylase (OXDC) is a typical Mn2+/Mn3+ dependent metal enzyme and splits
oxalate to formate and CO2 without any organic cofactors. Fungi and bacteria are the main …