The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to
escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive …

Matrix-M™ adjuvant is a key component of several novel vaccine candidates. The Matrix-M
adjuvant consists of two distinct fractions of saponins purified from the Quillaja saponaria …

Background Escherichia coli is the most common cause of bacteremia in high-income
countries. To enable the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies …

Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual
epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures …

A priority for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is development of a
universal influenza vaccine providing durable protection against multiple influenza strains …

Rapidly evolving influenza A viruses (IAVs) and influenza B viruses (IBVs) are major causes
of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Current influenza vaccines elicit antibodies …

INTRODUCTION Current influenza vaccines must be refreshed annually to address constant
mutations of viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes because the vaccines …

Background Influenza vaccines require annual readministration; however, several reports
have suggested that repeated vaccination might attenuate the vaccine's effectiveness. We …

Background Influenza vaccine efficacy/effectiveness can vary from season to season due in
part to the dominant circulating strains and antigenic matching. This study reviews the …