Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.
4.4 b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996
lineage (GsGd), which threaten the health of poultry, wildlife and humans, are spreading …

We detected Eurasian-origin highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus belonging to
the Gs/GD lineage, clade 2.3. 4.4 b, in wild waterfowl in 2 Atlantic coastal states in the United …

Avian influenza is one of the most devastating avian diseases. The current high
pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) A virus H5N1 clade 2.3. 4.4 b epizootic began in the …

The diversity of influenza A viruses (IAV) is primarily hosted by two highly divergent avian
orders: Anseriformes (ducks, swans and geese) and Charadriiformes (gulls, terns and …

During 2021 and 2022 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) killed thousands of wild
birds across Europe and North America, suggesting a change in infection dynamics and a …

Phylogenetic network analysis and understanding of waterfowl migration patterns suggest
that the Eurasian H5N8 clade 2.3. 4.4 avian influenza virus emerged in late 2013 in China …

From 2016 to 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses circulated in Asia,
Europe, and Africa, causing waves of infections and the deaths of millions of wild and …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread at an unprecedented scale,
leading to mass mortalities in birds and mammals. In 2023, a transatlantic incursion of HPAI …

Wild ducks and gulls are the major reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). The
mechanisms that drive AIV evolution are complex at sites where various duck and gull …