In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive thoughts and
behaviours that are experienced as unwanted. Family and twin studies have demonstrated …

Objective: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are
specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the …

A key criticism of the main diagnostic tool in psychiatry, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-IV), is that it lacks a biological footing. In this article, we …

It is well established that poor inhibitory control confers both a vulnerability to, and
maintenance of, addictive behaviors across the substance and behavioral spectrums. By …

Background: Several behaviors, besides psychoactive substance ingestion, produce short-
term reward that may engender persistent behavior, despite knowledge of adverse …

Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable
cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct …

Background A recent hypothesis has suggested that core deficits in goal-directed behavior
in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are caused by impaired frontostriatal function. We …

Response inhibition is a hallmark of executive control. The concept refers to the suppression
of actions that are no longer required or that are inappropriate, which supports flexible and …

The Stop Signal Task (SST) is a measure that has been used widely to assess response
inhibition. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that examined SST performance in …