Chromatin structure imposes significant obstacles on all aspects of transcription that are
mediated by RNA polymerase II. The dynamics of chromatin structure are tightly regulated …

Genetic and epigenetic modifications in DNA contribute to altered gene expression in aging
and cancer. In human cancers, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone …

Two papers published in 1984 by the Varshavsky laboratory revealed that the
ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is the principal system for degradation of short-lived proteins …

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) are two
counteracting enzyme families whose enzymatic activity controls the acetylation state of …

We present an analysis of over 1,100 of the∼ 10,000 predicted proteins encoded by the
genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Seven major areas of …

▪ Abstract Acetylation is a key posttranslational modification of many proteins responsible for
regulating critical intracellular pathways. Although histones are the most thoroughly studied …

Activation of oncogenes or the deactivation of tumor suppressor genes has long been
established as the fundamental mechanism leading towards carcinogenesis. Although this …

In mammals, male germ cells differentiate from haploid round spermatids to flagella-
containing motile sperm, in a process called spermiogenesis. This process is distinct from …

Until recently, proteasome-mediated proteolysis dominated discussion about the function of
ubiquitin, a highly conserved 76-amino acid polypeptide. However, a spate of new …

Posttranslational histone modifications play important roles in transcription and other
chromatin-based processes. Compared to acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation …