Tissue homeostasis is regulated by apoptosis, the cell-suicide programme that is executed
by proteases called caspases. The Bcl2 family of intracellular proteins is the central …

Irrespective of the morphological features of end-stage cell death (that may be apoptotic,
necrotic, autophagic, or mitotic), mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a main hepatic manifestation of metabolic
syndrome. It represents a wide spectrum of histopathological abnormalities ranging from …

In recent years there has been enormous interest in researching oxidative stress. Reactive
oxygen species (ROS) are derived from the metabolism of oxygen as by-products of cell …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Abstract Autophagy-related gene (Atg) 5 is a gene product required for the formation of
autophagosomes. Here, we report that Atg5, in addition to the promotion of autophagy …

In order to eliminate cells that are redundant, damaged, or infected, metazoan organisms
have evolved the cell suicide mechanism termed apoptosis (Kerr et al. 1972). This genetic …

Unicellular organisms respond to the presence of DNA lesions by activating cell cycle
checkpoint and repair mechanisms, while multicellular animals have acquired the further …

Members of the Bcl-2 family are crucial integrators of survival and death signals in higher
eukaryotes. Although recent studies have provided novel and quite unexpected insights into …

Apoptosis is the term given to programmed cell death, which has been widely connected to
a number of intracranial pathologies including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and more …