Varroa destructor is among the greatest biological threats to western honey bee (Apis
mellifera L.) health worldwide. Beekeepers routinely use chemical treatments to control this …

The honey bee is a crucial pollinator of agricultural crops and also an economically
important producer of commodities such as honey and beeswax that find diverse uses in the …

Microbial pathogens are thought to have a profound impact on insect populations. Honey
bees are suffering from elevated colony losses in the northern hemisphere possibly because …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are the primary pollinators of major horticultural crops. Over the
last few decades, a substantial decline in honey bees and their colonies have been …

Populations of pollinators are in decline worldwide. These declines are best documented in
honey bees and are due to a combination of stressors. In particular, pesticides have been …

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) is a major cause of overwintering
honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses in the United States, suggesting that beekeepers …

The western honey bee Apis mellifera is the most important managed pollinator species in
the world. Multiple factors have been implicated as potential causes or factors contributing to …

Although fungicides were previously considered to be safe for important agricultural
pollinators such as honey bees, recent evidence has shown that they can cause a number of …

During their lifetime honey bees (Apis mellifera) rarely experience optimal conditions.
Sometimes, a simultaneous action of multiple stressors, natural and chemical, results in …

Honey bees are key agricultural pollinators, but beekeepers continually suffer high annual
colony losses owing to a number of environmental stressors, including inadequate nutrition …