Abstract Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor~ 20% of
the Earth's biodiversity, but unfortunately also~ 50% of the threatened species and 75% of …

BACKGROUND Ever since Darwin, natural scientists have turned to islands for inspiration
and for model systems. For the past half century, they have done so largely within the …

Biodiversity on marine islands is characterized by unique biogeographic, phylogenetic and
functional characteristics. Islands hold a disproportionate amount of the world's biodiversity …

Aim To quantify the effect of Pleistocene climate fluctuations on habitat connectivity across
páramos in the Northern Andes. Location Northern Andes. Methods The unique páramos …

Mountains are hotspots of biodiversity. Yet, evaluating their importance in global biodiversity
inventories requires the adoption of a pertinent definition of mountains. Here, we first …

Aim To understand how functional traits and evolutionary history shape the geographic
distribution of plant life on Earth, we need to integrate high‐quality and global‐scale …

Abstract The approximately 10,000-year-long Last Glacial Maximum, before the termination
of the last ice age, was the coldest period in Earth's recent climate history. Relative to the …

It has been difficult to access projections of global‐scale climate change with high temporal
resolution spaning the late Pleistocene and Holocene. This has limited our ability to discern …

Aims The 50th anniversary of the publication of the seminal book, The Theory of Island
Biogeography, by Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, is a timely moment to review …

Aim Alpine ecosystems differ in area, macroenvironment and biogeographical history across
the Earth, but the relationship between these factors and plant species richness is still …