Importance Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use genetic variation associated with
modifiable exposures to assess their possible causal relationship with outcomes and aim to …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is
aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at …

Genetic factors are recognized to contribute to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and other
gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), irritable …

Drug development in cardiovascular disease is stagnating, with lack of efficacy and adverse
effects being barriers to innovation. Human genetics can provide compelling evidence of …

Background Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that has been associated with a plurality of
diseases in observational studies. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence from …

Serum urate has been implicated in hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but it is not
known whether it is exerting a causal effect. To investigate this, we performed Mendelian …

CORRESPONDENCE lifetime smoking score were also associated with increased risk of
severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure and hospitalization with COVID-19 (Figure). Similar …

We sought to determine the relationship between age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH)
and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CH, defined as mosaic chromosome abnormalities …