Abstract The Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) is upgraded to version 12, in which
the legacy Global Spectral Model (GSM) is replaced by a model with a new dynamical core …

The climate simulation frontier of a global storm-resolving model (GSRM; or k-scale model
because of its kilometer-scale horizontal resolution) is deployed for climate change …

Global cloud resolving models (GCRMs) are a new type of general circulation model that
explicitly calculates the growth of cloud systems with fine spatial resolutions and more than …

Global atmospheric “storm‐resolving” models with horizontal grid spacing of less than 5 km
resolve deep cumulus convection and flow in complex terrain. They promise to be reference …

Due to limited resolution and inaccurate physical parameterizations, weather and climate
models consistently develop biases compared to the observed atmosphere. Using the …

Tropical cyclones are responsible for large-scale loss of life and property,,–, motivating
accurate risk assessment and forecasting. These objectives require accurate reconstructions …

Abstract Changes in tropical deep convection with global warming are a leading source of
uncertainty for future climate projections. A comparison of the responses of active sensor …

Abstract Bretherton et al.(2022, https://doi. org/10.1029/2021MS002794) demonstrated a
successful approach for using machine learning (ML) to help a coarse‐resolution global …

Intense convection (updrafts exceeding 10 ms− 1) plays an essential role in severe weather
and Earth's energy balance. Despite its importance, how the global pattern of intense …

Global storm‐resolving models (GSRMs) that can explicitly resolve some of deep convection
are now being integrated for climate timescales. GSRMs are able to simulate more realistic …