Chloroplasts are best known for their role in photosynthesis, but they also allow nitrogen and
sulphur assimilation, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and hormone synthesis. How …

Photosynthesis is not only essential for plants, but it also sustains life on Earth.
Phytohormones play crucial roles in developmental processes, from organ initiation to …

Background Sprouts and microgreens, which are tender, flavourful, rich in nutrients, have a
short growth cycle, and have been recognized as functional foods in the human diet …

Abstract ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a member of the bZIP transcription factor
family, inhibits hypocotyl growth and lateral root development, and promotes pigment …

Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are members of the Arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-
loop-helix family of transcriptional regulators that interact specifically with the active Pfr …

Gibberellic acid (GA), a plant hormone stimulating plant growth and development, is a
tetracyclic di-terpenoid compound. GAs stimulate seed germination, trigger transitions from …

A small subset of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors called PIFs (phytochrome-
interacting factors) act to repress seed germination, promote seedling skotomorphogenesis …

Plants exhibit a unique developmental flexibility to ever-changing environmental conditions.
To achieve their profound adaptability, plants are able to maintain permanent stem cell …

Plants are sessile and photo-autotrophic; their entire life cycle is thus strongly influenced by
the ever-changing light environment. In order to sense and respond to those fluctuating …

Plant growth is coordinately controlled by various environmental and hormonal signals, of
which light and gibberellin (GA) signals are two critical factors with opposite effects on …