In recent years, the study of heat to work conversion has been re-invigorated by
nanotechnology. Steady-state devices do this conversion without any macroscopic moving …

For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in
particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical …

Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work and generally involve a large
number of particles. We report the experimental realization of a single-atom heat engine. An …

Heat engines should ideally have large power output, operate close to Carnot efficiency and
show constancy, ie, exhibit only small fluctuations in this output. For steady-state heat …

Active particles that are self-propelled by converting energy into mechanical motion
represent an expanding research realm in physics and chemistry. For micrometer-sized …

Quantum batteries are miniature energy storage devices and play a very important role in
quantum thermodynamics. In recent years, quantum batteries have been extensively …

For a general thermodynamic system described as a Markov process, we prove a general
lower bound for dissipation in terms of the square of the heat current, thus establishing that …

Engines are systems and devices that convert one form of energy into another, typically into
a more useful form that can perform work. In the classical setup, physical, chemical, and …

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations yield a lower bound on entropy production in terms of
the mean and fluctuations of a current. We derive their general form for systems under …

Since its inception about two centuries ago thermodynamics has sparkled continuous
interest and fundamental questions. According to the second law no heat engine can have …