Expectation and prediction constitute central mechanisms in the perception and cognition of
music, which have been explored in theoretical and empirical accounts. We review the …

Music ranks among the greatest human pleasures. It consistently engages the reward
system, and converging evidence implies it exploits predictions to do so. Both prediction …

Human language, music and a variety of animal vocalizations constitute ways of sonic
communication that exhibit remarkable structural complexity. While the complexities of …

Music perception depends on internal psychological models derived through exposure to a
musical culture. It is hypothesized that this musical enculturation depends on two cognitive …

The phenomenon of musical consonance is an essential feature in diverse musical styles.
The traditional belief, supported by centuries of Western music theory and psychological …

Following in a psychological and musicological tradition beginning with Leonard Meyer, and
continuing through David Huron, we present a functional, cognitive account of the …

Implicit learning is a core process for the acquisition of a complex, rule‐based environment
from mere interaction, such as motor action, skill acquisition, or language. A body of …

We present the results of a study testing the often-theorized role of musical expectations in
inducing listeners' emotions in a live flute concert experiment with 50 participants. Using an …

Humans engagement in music rests on underlying elements such as the listeners' cultural
background and interest in music. These factors modulate how listeners anticipate musical …

Previous studies of auditory expectation have focused on the expectedness perceived by
listeners retrospectively in response to events. In contrast, this research examines predictive …