Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR)
signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and …

The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell
populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the …

Abstract The Klotho proteins, αKlotho and βKlotho, are essential components of endocrine
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes, as they are required for the high-affinity …

The α-Klotho protein (henceforth denoted Klotho) has antiaging properties, as first observed
in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Klotho gene (kl/kl). These mice have a shortened …

The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone
cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on …

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder of calcium metabolism
characterised by hypercalcaemia and elevated or inappropriately normal concentrations of …

Klotho has been recognized as a gene involved in the aging process in mammals for over
30 years, where it regulates phosphate homeostasis and the activity of members of the …

Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are multivalent cations that are important for many
biologic and cellular functions. The kidneys play a central role in the homeostasis of these …

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphotropic hormone that belongs to a subfamily
of endocrine FGFs with evolutionarily conserved functions in worms and fruit flies. FAM20C …

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that
osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and …