The rationale underlying factor analysis applies to continuous and categorical variables
alike; however, the models and estimation methods for continuous (ie, interval or ratio scale) …

Commonly applied item response theory (IRT) measurement models stipulate a single
continuous latent variable (typically labeled “θ”) to represent individual differences on a …

This book reviews the statistical procedures used to detect measurement bias. Measurement
bias is examined from a general latent variable perspective so as to accommodate different …

Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo brings together the major advances that have
occurred in recent years while incorporating enough introductory material for new users of …

Item response theory (IRT) is a latent variable modeling approach used to minimize bias and
optimize the measurement power of educational and psychological tests and other …

Item response theory (IRT) has its origins in pioneering work by Louis Thurstone in the
1920s, a handful of authors such as Lawley, Mosier, and Richardson in the 1940s, and more …

In educational assessment, we observe what students say, do, or make in a few particular
circumstances and attempt to infer what they know, can do, or have accomplished more …

This celebrated primer presents an introduction to all of the key ingredients in understanding
computerized adaptive testing technology, test development, statistics, and mental test …

Critical thinking has been identified as a crucial general skill contributing to academic and
career success in the twenty-first century. With the increasing demands of the modern …

Many contemporary tests include constructed-response items, for which the item scores are
ordered categorical ratings provided by judges. When the judges' ratings use only two …