Plant transformation has enabled fundamental insights into plant biology and revolutionized
commercial agriculture. Unfortunately, for most crops, transformation and regeneration …

Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fertilizers causes environmental pollution, emergence of
agricultural pests and pathogens, and loss of biodiversity. Nanotechnology, by virtue of …

Panicle blast 1 (Pb1) is a panicle blast resistance gene derived from the indica rice cultivar
“Modan.” Pb1 encodes a coiled-coil–nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB …

The research in plant sciences is confronted by numerous nonbiological and biological
stresses. The list includes increased incidence of diseases, pests, and nutrient losses, along …

Protein‐protected metal nanoclusters (MNCs), typically consisting of several to a hundred
metal atoms with a protein outer layer used for protecting clusters from aggregation, are …

Particle bombardment, or biolistics, has emerged as an excellent alternative approach for
plant genetic transformation which circumvents the limitations of Agrobacterium-mediated …

Compaction is the process in which a large DNA molecule undergoes a transition between
an elongated conformation and a very compact form. In nature, DNA compaction occurs to …

The barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria hordei (Bh), secretes hundreds of candidate
secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) to facilitate pathogen infection and colonization. One of …