Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity,
childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse …

It is commonly assumed that a person's emotional state can be readily inferred from his or
her facial movements, typically called emotional expressions or facial expressions. This …

Emotion dysregulation is defined as patterns of emotional experience or expression that
interfere with goal-directed activity. This paper considers this functionalist definition from a …

Although rates of child maltreatment are declining, more than 600,000 children in the United
States are substantiated victims of abuse or neglect. The focus of this review is on the …

Childhood exposure to victimization is prevalent and has been shown to contribute to
significant immediate and long‐term psychological distress and functional impairment …

The ontogeny of human empathy is better understood with reference to the evolutionary
history of the social brain. Empathy has deep evolutionary, biochemical, and neurological …

This chapter examines neurobiological development in normal and illustrative high‐risk
conditions and mental disorders. It reviews relevant findings on neural plasticity and their …

In this chapter, we infuse a developmental psychopathology perspective into our
understanding of the sequelae of maltreatment. Specifically, we highlight the importance of …

The extreme parenting experiences encountered by children who are physically abused or
neglected place them at increased risk for impaired socio-emotional development. There is …

Children who experience severe early life stress show persistent deficits in many aspects of
cognitive and social adaptation. Early stress might be associated with these broad changes …